Q345 kayan karfe ne.Yana da ƙananan ƙarfe (C <0.2%), ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin gine-gine, gadoji, motoci, jiragen ruwa, tasoshin matsa lamba, da dai sauransu Q yana wakiltar ƙarfin yawan amfanin wannan abu, kuma 345 na gaba yana nufin ƙimar ƙimar wannan. abu, wanda shine kusan 345 MPa.Kuma ƙimar amfanin ƙasa za ta ragu tare da haɓaka kauri na kayan.
Q345 yana da kyau m inji Properties, m low zafin jiki yi, mai kyau plasticity da weldability, da kuma amfani da tsarin, inji sassa, gini Tsarin, general Metal tsarin sassa, zafi-birgima ko al'ada, za a iya amfani da a daban-daban Tsarin a cikin sanyi yankuna a kasa. -40°C.
Rabewa
Q345 za a iya raba zuwa Q345A,Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E bisa ga sa.Abin da suke wakilta shi ne galibi yanayin zafin girgiza.
Q345A matakin, babu tasiri;
Q345B matakin, 20 digiri na al'ada zazzabi tasiri;
Q345C matakin, shine tasirin digiri 0;
matakin Q345D, shine tasirin digiri -20;
Matakin Q345E, shine tasirin -40 digiri.
A yanayin zafi daban-daban, ƙimar girgiza kuma sun bambanta.
sinadaran abun da ke ciki
Q345A: C≤0.20, Mn ≤1.7, Si≤0.55, P≤0.045, S≤0.045, V 0.02~0.15;
Q345B: C≤0.20, Mn ≤1.7, Si≤0.55, P≤0.040, S≤0.040, V 0.02 ~ 0.15；
Q345c
Q345D:C≤0.20,Mn
Q345E: C≤0.20, Mn ≤1.7, Si≤0.55, P≤0.025, S≤0.025, V 0.02~0.15, Al≥0.015;
vs. 16Mn
Q345 karfe shine maye gurbin tsoffin samfuran 12MnV, 14MnNb, 18Nb, 16MnRE, 16Mn da sauran nau'ikan karfe, ba kawai madadin karfe 16Mn ba.Dangane da sinadarai, 16Mn da Q345 ma sun bambanta.Mafi mahimmanci, akwai babban bambanci a girman rukuni na kauri na karafa biyu bisa ga bambancin ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma wannan ba makawa zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin damuwa mai izini na kayan tare da wasu kauri.Sabili da haka, bai dace ba kawai a yi amfani da ƙyalli da aka yarda na karfe 16Mn zuwa karfe Q345, amma ya kamata a sake ƙayyadad da damuwa gwargwadon girman girman rukunin ƙarfe.
Matsakaicin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe na Q345 daidai yake da na ƙarfe 16Mn, bambanci shine cewa an ƙara abubuwan gami na V, Ti da Nb.Ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan V, Ti, da Nb na iya tsaftace hatsi, haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfe sosai, da haɓaka ingantaccen kayan aikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe.Har ila yau, saboda wannan ne za a iya yin kauri na farantin karfe ya fi girma.Saboda haka, da m inji Properties na Q345 karfe ya kamata ya zama mafi alhẽri daga 16Mn karfe, musamman da low zazzabi yi ba samuwa a cikin 16Mn karfe.Ƙarfin da aka yarda da shi na Q345 karfe ya dan kadan sama da na karfe 16Mn.
kwatancen aiki
Q345Dbututu maras kyaukayan aikin injiniya:
Ƙarfin ƙarfi: 490-675 Ƙarfin Haɓaka: ≥345 Tsawaitawa: ≥22
Q345Bbututu maras kyaukayan aikin injiniya:
Ƙarfin ƙarfi: 490-675 Ƙarfin Haɓaka: ≥345 Tsawaitawa: ≥21
Q345A bututu inji Properties:
Ƙarfin ƙarfi: 490-675 Ƙarfin Haɓaka: ≥345 Tsawaitawa: ≥21
Q345C bututu inji Properties:
Ƙarfin ƙarfi: 490-675 Ƙarfin Haɓaka: ≥345 Tsawaitawa: ≥22
Q345E bututu inji Properties:
Ƙarfin ƙarfi: 490-675 Ƙarfin Haɓaka: ≥345 Tsawaitawa: ≥22
Jerin Samfura
Q345D karfe idan aka kwatanta da Q345A, B, C karfe.Gwajin gwajin ƙarancin ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi yana da ƙasa.Kyakkyawan aiki.Adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa P da S sun yi ƙasa da na Q345A, B da C. Farashin kasuwa ya fi Q345A, B, C.
Ma'anar Q345D:
① Haɗe da lambar Q + + alama mai inganci + alamar hanyar deoxidation.Lambar karfe ta gaba da "Q", wanda ke wakiltar ma'aunin rabon karfe, kuma lambar da ke bayansa tana wakiltar darajar abin da ake samu a MPa.Misali, Q235 yana wakiltar karfen tsarin carbon tare da ma'aunin yawan amfanin ƙasa (σs) na 235 MPa.
②Idan ya cancanta, alamar da ke nuna ƙimar inganci da hanyar deoxidation za a iya yiwa alama a bayan lambar ƙarfe.Alamun ingancin ingancin sune A, B, C, D bi da bi.Alamar Deoxidation: F yana nufin karfe mai tafasa;b na nufin karfen kashe-kashe;Z yana nufin kashe karfe;TZ yana nufin karfen da aka kashe na musamman, kuma karfen da aka kashe ba za a iya yiwa alama alama ba, wato duka Z da TZ ana iya tsallake su.Misali, Q235-AF na nufin Grade A tafasasshen karfe.
③ Carbon karfe don dalilai na musamman, kamar gada karfe, marine karfe, da dai sauransu, m yana amfani da furci Hanyar carbon tsarin karfe, amma harafin nuna dalilin da aka kara a karshen karfe lambar.
Gabatarwar kayan abu
| kashi | C≤ | Mn | Si ≤ | P≤ | S≤ | Al ≥ | V | Nb | Ti |
| abun ciki | 0.2 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.55 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.02-0.15 | 0.015-0.06 | 0.02-0.2 |
Abubuwan injiniyoyi na Q345C sune kamar haka (%):
| Indexididdigar kayan aikin injiniya | Tsawaita(%) | Gwajin zafin jiki 0℃ | Ƙarfin ƙarfi MPa | Matsayin Haɓakawa MPa≥ |
| darajar | 5≥22 | J≥34 | shafi (470-650) | shafi (324-259) |
Lokacin da kauri bango yana tsakanin 16-35mm, σs≥325Mpa;lokacin da kauri bango ne tsakanin 35-50mm, σs≥295Mpa
2. Welding halaye na Q345 karfe
2.1 Lissafi na daidaitaccen carbon (Ceq)
Ceq=C+Mn/6+Ni/15+Cu/15+Cr/5+Mo/5+V/5
Ƙididdigar Ceq = 0.49%, fiye da 0.45%, ana iya ganin cewa aikin walda na Q345 karfe ba shi da kyau sosai, kuma ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da tsauraran matakan fasaha yayin walda.
2.2 Matsalolin da ke iya faruwa a cikin Q345 karfe yayin waldawa
2.2.1 Halin taurin kai a yankin da zafi ya shafa
A lokacin waldi da sanyaya tsari na Q345 karfe, da quenched tsarin-martensite aka sauƙi kafa a cikin zafi-tasiri yankin, wanda ya kara da taurin da kuma rage plasticity na kusa-kabu yankin.Sakamakon shine fasa bayan walda.
2.2.2 Sanyin tsaga hankali
A waldi fasa Q345 karfe ne yafi sanyi fasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-20-2023